 |
|
|
|
Abridge
|
|
Bridge linking passenger
terminal or pier to aircraft door.
|
|
Accident (ICAO)
|
|
An incident associated
with the operation of an aircraft in which the aircraft
sustains damage or structural failure which adversely
affects the structural strength, performance or flight
characteristics of the aircraft and would normally require
major repair or replacement of the a affected component.
This does not include engine failure or damage, its cowlings
or accessories, damage limited to propellers, wing tips,
antennas, tires, brakes, fairings, small ducts or punctures
in the aircraft skin. It also occurs when an aircraft is
missing or completely inaccessible.
|
|
ACI - Airport Council International
|
|
Geneva-based
international body representing the interests of some
1,200-member airports.
|
|
ACMI
|
|
Aircraft, Crew,
Maintenance and Insurance. A type of lease normally, but not
always, between two airlines, where the leaser provides the
aircraft, one or more complete crews including their
salaries, all maintenance for the aircraft, and hull
insurance for the aircraft itself. Sometimes he will provide
third-party liability cover. ACMI charges will be by the
hour, but with a minimum number of hours per month
guaranteed.
|
|
ACMI Lease
|
|
See Lease, ACMI.
|
|
ACMI wet rate
|
|
Charge, normally in US$
per block hour, for an ACMI lease.
|
|
Ad hoc cargo charter
|
|
A non-scheduled
non-common carrier cargo service hired to move a shipment.
See Scheduled freight service.
|
|
Ad hoc carrier
|
|
Cargo carrier offering
aircraft for ad hoc charters.
|
|
Ad hoc charter
|
|
See Charter, Ad hoc.
|
|
ADS-B
|
|
Automatic Dependent
Surveillance Broadcast, a navigation and collision-avoidance
system.
|
|
AF
|
|
All-Freight.
|
|
Aircraft certificate
|
|
A certificate issued by a
relevant aviation authority in relation to a particular
aircraft used to indicate compliance with the appropriate
requirements concerning aircraft type, airworthiness, etc.
|
|
Air Cargo
|
|
Any property carried on
an aircraft other than stores, COMAT and baggage. This
includes freight, mail or express items. Also known as
aircargo and airfreight.
|
|
Aircraft, combi
|
|
An aircraft intended for
the movement of passengers and cargo sharing main-deck
accommodation during the flight.
|
|
Aircraft, freighter
|
|
An aircraft, either
constructed, permanently converted or temporarily converted
from passenger service, which is carrying or capable of
carrying goods or property with no passenger complement.
|
|
Aircraft, green
|
|
Aircraft flyable but
unpainted, unfurnished and basically equipped.
|
|
Aircraft hangar
|
|
Building constructed or
converted to allow the maintenance or storage of aircraft.
|
|
Aircraft movements per hour
|
|
This is the amount of
traffic that the Air Traffic Control, runways and taxiways
can support in any given hour.
|
|
Aircraft On Ground (AOG)
|
|
A situation in which
mechanical failure prevents an aircraft from moving or
taking off. This is not normally at its regular maintenance
base.
|
|
Aircraft pallet
|
|
A platform of standard
dimensions on which goods are assembled and secured before
being loaded as a complete unit on to an aircraft.
|
|
Aircraft, passenger
|
|
An aircraft intended
primarily for the movement of passengers. Any cargo will be
secured in lower deck holds.
|
|
Aircraft prepared for service
|
|
Fully equipped and
serviced aircraft without useable fuel and payload.
|
|
Aircraft range
|
|
See Range.
|
|
Aircraft stand
|
|
A designated area on an
apron intended to be used for aircraft parking. |
|
Aircraft tow tractor
|
|
Vehicle used maneuver
aircraft on ground by towing and pushing when the aircraft
is not powering movement with its own engines.
|
|
Aircraft towbarless tractor
|
|
Aircraft tow tractor,
which does not utilize a tow bar.
|
|
Aircraft weights
|
|
A series of weights,
taken with or without various loads, of an aircraft during
various stages of its operation. See AUW, MLW, MRW, MTOW,
MZFW, OEW, Ramp Weight.
|
|
Airframe
|
|
An aircraft's structure
without power plants or aircraft systems.
|
|
Airlift
|
|
The carriage of personnel
or supplies by air.
|
|
Airline
|
|
A private or state
company operating owned or hired aircraft for paying
passengers or cargo on a scheduled or charter basis.
|
|
Airplane drain plugs
|
|
White or brown fittings
located in the lower fuselage skin to drain fluid from the
aircraft's bilges.
|
|
Airport
|
|
An area of land that is
used, or intended to be used, for the landing and take-off
aircraft including associated buildings and infrastructure.
See Terminal.
|
|
Airport, all cargo
|
|
An airport solely for the
use of scheduled or ad hoc cargo aircraft operations. Can be
a common carrier airport or non-common for the use of one
company.
|
|
Airport, alternate
|
|
An airport at which an
aircraft may land if a landing at the intended airport
becomes inadvisable. If an aircraft must turn around in
flight, this may be the original departure airport.
|
|
Airport approach lights
|
|
Lights indicating the
desired approach to a runway, usually of sodium or high
intensity type, laid in a precise pattern of a lead-in line
with crossbars at set distances from the runway threshold.
Types of approach lighting systems are:
I) Approach lighting system with sequenced flashing lights
II) PAPI-Precision Approach Path indicator system
III) Runway alignment indicator lights
IV) Sequenced flashing lead-in lights
|
|
Airport capacity
|
|
Capacity is measured from
the combined results of the performance of two or more of
the following measures-terminal, apron and aircraft
movements.
|
|
Airport, charter
|
|
An airport predominantly
used for charter flight services with little, if any,
scheduled services.
|
|
Airport charges
|
|
Charges levied by airport
owners or operators to airlines for landing an aircraft.
These charges can include landing fees, take-off fees,
airside charges and landside charges. These are the
traditional sources of revenue for airports. However, within
the last 20 years, rental revenues from airport concessions
and tenants have almost become as important a source of
revenue.
|
|
Airport, domestic
|
|
An airport solely for the
use of aircraft arriving from, or departing to, another
airport in the same country.
|
|
Airport elevation
|
|
Highest point of an
airport's usable runways, measured in feet from mean sea
level. See Touch down zone elevation.
|
|
Airport, free
|
|
An international airport
at which, provided they remain within a designated area
until removal by air to a point outside the territory of the
country, crew, passenger, baggage, cargo, mail and stores
may be disembarked or unloaded, may remain and may be
trans-shipped, without being subject to any Customs charges
or dues or, except in special circumstances, be searched.
See Bonded Stores, Free Trade Zone.
|
|
Airport, gateway
|
|
An airport serving the
role of being the airport that passengers and cargo use to
first enter a country.
|
|
Airport, international
|
|
An airport designated by
the contracting country in whose territory it is situated as
an airport of entry and departure for international
transport, where formalities required by Customs,
immigration, public health, animal and plant quarantine etc
are carried out.
|
|
Airport markers
|
|
Partly-colored board
defining on airfields;
I) Boundary markers-limits of landing areas
II) Taxi-channel markers-limits of taxi tracks. See Taxiway
lighting
III) Obstruction markers-limits of ground hazards
IV) Runway visual markers – situated at equal distance by
which visibility is gauged in bad weather.
|
|
Airport meteorological minima
|
|
The minimum cloud base
and visibility in which landings and take-off at an airport
are permitted.
|
|
Airport operator
|
|
A private company or
government, regional or local authority department in charge
of an airport operation.
|
|
Airport owner
|
|
A private company or
government, regional or local authority department that owns
an airport.
|
|
Airport scheduling
|
|
Co-ordination of arrivals
and departures of planned flight operations at a given
airport or group of airports.
|
|
Airport surface detection equipment
|
|
Radar equipment designed
to detect all principal features on the surface of an
airport, including aircraft and vehicles.
|
|
Airside
|
|
The movement area of an
airport, adjacent terrain, buildings or apron area, access
to which is regulated and controlled. Normally restricted to
airport personnel, aircraft crew and departing and
transiting passengers. See Landside.
|
|
Air stairs
|
|
A short stairway built
into or added to an aircraft, for use in embarkation or
disembarkation. Folded up as part of a door or folded on
board after use.
|
|
Airstrip
|
|
Unidirectional landing
area, usually of grass or of a makeshift nature.
|
|
Airwaybill
|
|
A document made out by
shipper as evidence of the contract between shipper and
carrier. Not a deed of title to the consignment. Sometimes
Air Waybill.
|
|
Airworthy
|
|
Describes an aircraft
which meets all relevant statutory requirements of the
registering country and any other required to give authority
to its operation. See certificate of Airworthiness.
|
|
All-cargo airport
|
|
An airport solely for the
use of scheduled or ad hoc cargo aircraft operations. Can be
a common carrier airport or solely for the use of one
company.
|
|
Alternate airport
|
|
See Airport, alternate.
|
|
Approach lights
|
|
See approach lights.
|
|
Apron
|
|
A defined area on an
airport intended to accommodate aircraft for the purpose of
loading or unloading passengers or cargo, re-fueling,
parking or maintenance.
|
|
Apron bus
|
|
Airside bus especially
utilized to move passengers and crew from airport building
to/from aircraft. See Shuttle bus.
|
|
Apron capacity
|
|
The number of aircraft
handled per hour, which depends on the number of parking
stands and the capacity of ground handling agencies to
service the aircraft.
|
|
Apron taxiway
|
|
Portion of a taxiway
system located on an apron and intended to provide a through
taxi route across an apron. See Taxiway.
|
|
ATC-Air Traffic Control
|
|
A service operated by an
appropriate authority to promote the safe, orderly and
expeditious flow of air traffic.
|
|
AUW-All up Weight
|
|
Total weight of aircraft
under defined conditions or at a specific time during
flight. Not to be confused with MTOW.
|
|
Auxiliary power unit
|
|
Item carried on an
aircraft for tasks such as main engine starting, ground
air-conditioning etc.
|
 |
|
|
|
Back track
|
|
Taxiing along a runway in the opposite direction to
take-off and landing.
|
|
Baggage
|
|
Personal property
belonging to passengers or crew carried on an aircraft in
connection with a journey. Can be checked or unchecked
baggage. Also known as luggage.
|
|
Baggage carousel
|
|
Equipment used in
passenger terminal to bring passengers' baggage for
collection from apron.
|
|
Baggage cart
|
|
A towed vehicle used for ramp transport of baggage.
|
|
Baggage, mishandled
|
|
Baggage involuntarily or
inadvertently separated from passengers and crew.
|
|
Bare Hull Charter
|
|
Another name for a dry
lease. See lease, dry.
|
|
Base
|
|
Bottom of container or
pallet, which comes into contact with the floor.
|
|
Basic operating weight
|
|
MTOW minus payload.
|
|
Belt loader
|
|
Equipment using a belt to
load bulk freight, baggage and mail into the aircraft. Can
be self-propelled or trailer-mounted.
|
|
Bilges
|
|
Tanks in an aircraft
designed to trap non-cargo liquids such as condensation in
flight and on the ground. Emptied by means of airplane drain
plugs.
|
|
Birdstrike
|
|
Collision between an
aircraft and birds.
|
|
Birdstrike precautions
|
|
Measures taken at an
airport to avoid bird strikes.
|
|
Blast fence
|
|
A physical barrier used
to direct or dissipate jet or propeller blast at an airport.
|
|
Block hour
|
|
Chargeable hour for which
an aircraft is leased to a lessee during a wet lease (sixty
minutes of block time).
|
|
Block time
|
|
Time elapsed from the
moment an aircraft starts to leave its loading point to the
moment it comes to rest at its destination. Also known as
block-to-block, chock-to-chock.
|
|
Boarding
|
|
Crew and passengers
entering an aircraft prior to flight.
|
|
Boarding Card
|
|
Card issued at check-in
giving authority to board.
|
|
Boarding gate
|
|
See Gate.
|
|
Bonded fuel
|
|
Aviation fuel imported
into a country for use only in international services on
which no tax is paid.
|
|
Bonded stores
|
|
Warehousing under the
direct or indirect control of Customs authorities where
dutiable goods are stored prior to export after
transshipment or entry into the country, upon which the duty
will be paid.
|
|
Border controls
|
|
Checks made on passengers
and cargo attempting to enter a country. Normally include
visa examination, passport control and immigration
formalities for passengers and import and export licenses
for air cargo.
|
|
Boundary lights
|
|
Lights defining the
boundary of the landing area. Can also mean the lights
marking the perimeter of the airport's land area.
|
|
Braking action
|
|
A report on conditions on
the airport movement area providing a pilot with a
degree/quality of braking expected: braking action is
reported in terms of good, medium, fair, poor or nil.
|
|
Broker
|
|
An individual or company
who, for a fee, locates and arranges the hire of a cargo
aircraft, with or without crew, for a client.
|
|
Bulk cargo
|
|
All cargo not packed in
containers or on a pallet.
|
|
Bulk loader
|
|
Self-drive belt conveyor
vehicle for loading bulk cargo into an aircraft.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cabin crew
|
|
See Crew, cabin.
|
|
Cabotage
|
|
The right, rarely given,
to a foreign air carrier to move passengers, mail or cargo
within the territory of a country between domestic locations
.See liberalization.
|
|
Capacity
|
|
General term given to
cargo space and available lift from a given aircraft.
|
|
Cargo
|
|
See Air Cargo.
|
|
Cargo conversion
|
|
Passenger or other
non-cargo aircraft permanently converted to carry cargo.
|
|
Cargo dock
|
|
Loading bay of a cargo
terminal.
|
|
Cargo door
|
|
Door in aircraft designed
to take freight, vehicles or containers.
|
|
Cargo door, nose
|
|
Cargo door in nose of
aircraft hinged to swing upwards or to one side, to allow
easier access to general cargo or access for cargo too large
to pass through side cargo door.
|
|
Cargo door, rear
|
|
Cargo door in rear of
aircraft often hinged to become ramp for access. Some
aircraft types open at the rear by swinging the tail housing
to one side.
|
|
Cargo door, side
|
|
Cargo door in portside of
aircraft (generally).
|
|
Cargo ground handling
|
|
Function of moving cargo
from terminal to aircraft side and vice versa and at all
times the cargo is on the airport's premises. Can be
performed by the air carrier second-party airline providing
such services, the airport authority or an independent
ground handling company.
|
|
Cargo hold
|
|
General term for the area
of an aircraft where cargo is stowed for a journey. Can be
entire inside space on a freighter that space not used by
passengers on a Combi, or lower deck area in a passenger
aircraft.
|
|
Cargo insurance
|
|
See insurance.
|
|
Cargo loader
|
|
Mobile equipment with
elevating platforms and powered rollers for loading and
unloading ULDs on aircraft.
|
|
Cargo ramp
|
|
Airside area upon which
freighter aircraft are parked for loading or unloading of
cargo.
|
|
Cargo Village
|
|
Term sometimes used to
group air cargo operations at an airport, especially newly
constructed warehousing developments.
|
|
Carnet
|
|
Customs document allowing
the temporary importation of goods without duty, conditional
on the goods being re-exported in the same state as when
they entered the country. These goods cannot be altered,
used in manufacture, or disposed of without the duty being
paid ad if they had been imported normally.
|
|
Certificate of Airworthiness
|
|
Certificate that an
individual aircraft meets all relevant legal and safety
standards.
|
|
CF
|
|
Convertible Freighter.
|
|
Chapter III
|
|
FAA regulations producing
stringent limits on aircraft noise and emission. Failure to
comply with the standards will prevent an aircraft landing
at an airport where the regulations are in force.
|
|
Charter, ad hoc
|
|
A non-scheduled
non-common carrier cargo service hired to move a single
shipment. See scheduled freight service.
|
|
Charter airport
|
|
See Airport, charter.
|
|
Charter passenger
|
|
See passenger charter.
|
|
Charter service
|
|
See Ad hoc cargo charter,
passenger charter, scheduled freight service, passenger,
scheduled service.
|
|
Charter, split
|
|
Where an intermediary
such as a freight forwarder charters an aircraft and
re-sells capacity to third parties.
|
|
Check-in
|
|
Airline function where
intending travelers present tickets for seat reservations
and obtain boarding authority.
|
|
Cockpit
|
|
A compartment to
accommodate pilots and other crewmembers. Now known as a
flight deck.
|
|
COMAT-Company owned material
|
|
An airline's own property
such as spare-parts, station supplies, ticket stock, etc,
carried in the airline's own aircraft.
|
|
Consignment
|
|
One or more pieces of
cargo accepted by a carrier at one time and one time and one
address, moving as one lot under an AWB to one destination.
|
|
Crew, cabin
|
|
Personnel required to
attend to the needs of passengers on a flight. Also known as
flight attendants.
|
|
Crew, flight
|
|
Personnel required for
the immediate safe handling in flight of an aircraft.
|
|
Crew, ground
|
|
Personnel required for
the handling of an airport on the ground.
|
|
Cross wind component
|
|
Surface wind component at
right angles to runway centerline.
|
|
Cube utilization
|
|
Maximum use of available
space in an aircraft.
|
|
Customs
|
|
A government organization
fulfilling four main functions:
i) Levying and collecting taxes, duties and charges against
imported and exported items with no duty-free allowance;
ii) Levying and collecting taxes, duties and charges against imported
and exported items exceeding a duty-free allowance;
iii) Preventing the importation of banned, prohibited and
illegal material in air cargo shipments and passengers'
luggage;
iv) Collection and collating of statistical information
from point of exit or entry.
|
|
Cwt
|
|
Weight equal to 112lbs or
50.80kgs; (US) Weight equal to 100lbs or 45.36kgs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dangerous goods
|
|
Articles or substances,
which are capable of posing a significant risk to health,
safety or property. Significant and strict local, national
and international laws and regulatory rules govern the
handling, storage and movement of such substances to and at
airports.
|
|
Dangerous goods accident
|
|
An occurrence associated
with and related to the transport of dangerous goods by air,
which results in fatal or serious injury to person or major
property damage.
|
|
Dangerous goods classes
|
|
Nine international
classes, which highlight the categories of different types
of articles:
Class1-Explosives
Class2-Gases
2.1 Flammable gases
2.2 Non-Flammable gases
2.3 Toxic gases
Class3-Flammable liquids
Class4-Flammable solids
4.1 Flammable solids
4.2 Spontaneously combustible substances
4.3 Water reactive substances
Class5-Oxidizing substances
5.1 Oxidizing substances
5.2 Organic peroxides
Class6- Toxic substances
6.1 Poisonous substances
6.2 Infectious substances
Class7-Radioactive materials
Class8-Corrosives
Class9-Miscellaneous material, including that which can
only be flown on a cargo aircraft.
|
|
Deck, lower
|
|
Term for cargo hold under
the main deck.
|
|
Deck, main
|
|
Main floor of aircraft
forming base of upper hold in freighter aircraft or where
passengers and cargo are placed in a Combi.
|
|
De-icing
|
|
Removal of ice accretion
on an aircraft at an airport – can be done by use of fluids,
heating systems and expanding rubber membranes.
|
|
Demurrage
|
|
Charge for storage in an
airline warehouse or other warehouse, which accrues after a
given time, for consignments not collected. Also applies to
delay caused to an aircraft (eg by charterer).
|
|
Departure lounge
|
|
See Passenger departure
lounge.
|
|
Departure procedure
|
|
ATC procedures
established for an aircraft departing from an airport.
|
|
Departure time
|
|
Exact time at which an
aircraft becomes airborne, an important factor in air
traffic control. Can also be time when an aircraft moves
away from the terminal at the commencement of taxiing prior
to take-off. Colloquially known as 'off chocks'.
|
|
De-regulation
|
|
Removal of domestic laws,
which liberalizes the business environment concerning
airports and airline operations. Associated with activities
in the United States in the 1980s. See Privatization.
|
|
Disembarkation
|
|
The leaving of an
aircraft after a landing, except by crew or passengers
continuing on the next stage of the same through flight. See
embarkation.
|
|
Diversion
|
|
Act of proceeding to an
airport other than one at which landing was intended.
|
|
Domestic airport
|
|
See Airport, domestic.
|
|
Doorsill height
|
|
Height from ground to
aircraft doorsill.
|
|
Down time
|
|
The time an aircraft is
on the ground at an airport, except for when it is
undergoing turnaround. Also colloquially a term for the time
of landing.
|
|
Dry lease
|
|
See lease, dry.
|
|
Dry rate
|
|
Cost, normally per month,
of a dry lease. See lease, dry.
|
|
Duty Free
|
|
Regime of goods available
only to passengers on airside where goods are priced without
a country's duty on condition they are exported with the
passenger.
|
|
Duty-free allowance
|
|
Traditionally this is the
amount in monetary value or actual quantity available to
individual qualifying international passengers. These goods
are only available airside or, increasing, in flight.
|
|
Dwell-time
|
|
Time spent at an airport
by would-be passengers between check-in and departure.
|
|
|
|
|
|
E-GPWS
|
|
Enhanced Ground Proximity
Warning System.
|
|
Embarkation
|
|
The entry of an aircraft
by crew or passengers.
|
|
Emergency power unit
|
|
Power-producing part of
aircraft not used for propulsion.
|
|
ER
|
|
Extended Range.
|
|
EROPS
|
|
See Extended Range Twin
(engine) Operations.
|
|
ETOPS
|
|
See Extended Twin
Over-water Passenger Preparations.
|
|
Extended Range Twin (engine) Operations
|
|
Sometimes referred to as
EROPS, this is a routing not more than given flight time of
120 or 180 minutes from a useable alternative airport.
|
|
Extended Twin Over-water Passenger Operations
|
|
The ability of an
aircraft to operate over large stretches of water, such as
the Pacific. Also known blackly by pilots as Engines Turning
or Passengers Swimming.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ferry range
|
|
See Range, ferry.
|
|
First responders-Awareness
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
First responders-Operations
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
Flight crew
|
|
See Crew, flight.
|
|
Floor bearing
|
|
Maximum weight the
aircraft floor can bear.
|
|
Floor load
|
|
Static and dynamic loads
imposed by the payload.
|
|
FOD
|
|
Foreign object damage.
|
|
FRA
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
Free airport
|
|
See Airport, free.
|
|
Freedoms
|
|
There are ten
international aviation freedoms:
i) First freedom: To over-fly one country en-route to another.
ii) Second freedom: To make a technical stop in another
country.
iii) Third freedom: To carry passengers/cargo from the home
country to another.
iv) Fourth freedom: To carry passengers/cargo to the home
country from another.
v) Fifth freedom: To carry passengers/cargo between two
countries by an airline of a third on a route with
origin/destination in its home country
vi) Sixth freedom: To carry passengers/cargo between two
countries by an airline of a third on two routes connecting
in its home country.
vii) Seventh freedom: To carry passengers/cargo between two
countries by an airline of a third on a route outside its
home country.
viii) Eighth freedom or Cabotage: To carry passengers/cargo
within a country by an airline of another country on a route
with origin/destination in its home country.
ix) Ninth freedom or Stand-Alone Cabotage: To carry
passengers/cargo within a country by an airline of another
country.
x) True Domestic: To carry passengers/cargo by an airline
within its home country.
|
|
Freeport
|
|
See FTZ-Free Trade Zone.
|
|
Freight door
|
|
See Cargo door.
|
|
Freight hub
|
|
See Hub, freight.
|
|
Freighter aircraft
|
|
See Aircraft, freighter.
|
|
FRO
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
FTZ-Free Trade Zone
|
|
An industrial area in
which manufactures are permitted to import raw materials or
semi-assemblies for manufacturing purposes which, provides
they leave the zone by air to a point outside the territory
of the country, do not incur import duties.
|
|
Fuel burn
|
|
Rate at which fuel is
burnt during a flight, normally given in tones per hour.
This is a vital element in the cost of chartering or
operating a freighter aircraft.
|
|
Fuel capacity
|
|
Fuel available for
propulsion.
|
|
Fuel consumption
|
|
See specific fuel
consumption.
|
|
Fuel farm
|
|
Term used to describe
location of tanks holding aviation fuel at an airport.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gate
|
|
A point of access to the
apron from the terminal at an airport.
|
|
Gate hold procedure
|
|
A procedure to hold
aircraft at the gate or other ground location whenever
departures are expected to be delayed by more than five
minutes.
|
|
Gateway airport
|
|
See Airport, gateway.
|
|
GPU-Ground Power Unit
|
|
Equipment used to power
an aircraft to run vital services while stationary on the
ground.
|
|
Green Aircraft
|
|
See Aircraft, green.
|
|
Greeters and Weepers
|
|
Colloquial name for
people waiting landside for incoming passengers and seeing
off passengers.
|
|
Ground crew
|
|
See Crew, ground.
|
|
Ground support equipment
|
|
All the handling
facilities employed to service an aircraft at an
airport-such as tractors, steps, fuelling tanks, food and
cleaning supplies.
|
|
Ground visibility
|
|
Prevailing horizontal
visibility near the earth's surface as reported by an
accredited observer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hangar
|
|
See aircraft hangar.
|
|
Hazardous goods
|
|
Another term for
dangerous goods. Also known as Hazardous material. See
dangerous goods.
|
|
Hazardous Materials On-scene Incident Commander
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
Hazardous Materials Specialist
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
Hazardous Materials Technician
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response team.
|
|
Hazchem
|
|
International warning
panel designed to alert as to the dangers, characteristics
and appropriate accident response to hazardous chemicals and
liquids.
|
|
Hazmat
|
|
Another term for
hazardous material.
|
|
Hazmat emergency response
|
|
There are five levels of
response to a Hazmat incident recognized by the FAA;
i) First Responders-Awareness (FRA)- Trained individuals able to
recognize when a Hazmat incident has occurred or could
potentially occur and alert the appropriate authorities.
They do not deal with an incident.
ii) First Responders-Operations (FRO)- Trained individuals
able to contain a Hazmat spillage or incident, to prevent it
spreading and prevent exposure. They do not deal with an
incident.
iii) Hazardous Materials Technician (HMT)- Trained
individuals able to aggressively respond to a spillage or
potential spillage in order to stop it. They will approach
the point of release in order to plug, patch or otherwise
close it. They receive an extra 24 hours of training beyond
an FRO.
iv) Hazardous Materials Specialist (HMS)- Trained
individuals also able to respond aggressively to a spillage
or potential spillage, but with a specialization training in
particular aspects of responses, such as chlorine releases.
They receive an extra 24 hours of training beyond an FRO.
v) Hazardous Materials on-scene incident commander (HMOIC)-
Person in overall command of all activities during an
emergency response. Can also co-ordinate resources outside
the airline.
vi) Hazmat emergency response team- Personnel trained in the
proper procedures to deal with an incident, an accident or
potential accident, involving hazardous material.
|
|
High density rule
|
|
US government regulation
which caps operations at Washington National, New York's
LaGuardia and JFK and Chicago O'Hare airports.
|
|
HMOIC
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
HMS
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
HMT
|
|
See Hazmat emergency
response.
|
|
Hub-and-spoke
|
|
An airline's operation,
which utilizes major services to connect key hub airports,
with minor services then connecting with minor destinations
unable to support major services themselves in terms of
traffic.
|
|
Hub, freight
|
|
An airport used, normally
by an integrator or scheduled freight airline, to sort and
disperse goods through its network from incoming flights.
Can also be accessed by road services operated by the
airline or its agents. A hub can be an exclusive
freight-only airport or a facility at a general airport.
|
|
Hub, passenger
|
|
An airport used to permit
passengers to transfer to a second flight to reach a final
destination. See Hub-and-Spoke.
|
|
Hull insurance
|
|
See insurance.
|
|
Hush-kit
|
|
Device to limit noise
levels produced by aircraft engines. See chapter III.
|
|
Hush kitting
|
|
To fit a hush-kit on an
existing engine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
IAPA International Airline Passenger Association
Organization
|
|
With the aim of promoting
safety in airline travel, improving passenger handling and
comfort
|
|
IATA International Air Transport Association
Organization
|
|
Whose aims are to promote
safe, regular and economical air transport as well as
providing means of collaboration among international air
transport companies. Its specialist publication function
established published standards for the handling of
dangerous goods and livestock by air.
|
|
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
|
|
A UN agency charged with
the objective to develop the principles and techniques of
international air navigation and to foster planning and
development of international civil air transport.
|
|
Igloo
|
|
Bottomless shell made of
fiberglass, metal etc, conforming to aircraft dimensions,
produced to cover the maximum useable area of a pallet to
which it is secured in flight.
|
|
ILS Instrument Landing Systems
|
|
Aids for an instrument
approach to an airport.
|
|
Insurance
|
|
There are four main types
of insurance involved with most common air freighter
operations matters.
i) Hull insurance- This is taken out by the owner of the
aircraft in order to protect his investment against damage
to, or loss of, the aircraft itself. A charterer should
never be involved with this as it is usually the
responsibility of the owner, and its premiums should be
already included in any charter or lease price.
ii) Third party liability- This is to protect the owner or
operator against claims that may be made by other people,
for example if the undercarriage damaged the roof of a house
when the aircraft was landing, or if the wingtip hit another
aircraft while maneuvering on the ground. Once again, it is
the owner's responsibility to provide this cover all the
time his crews are flying the aircraft. However, on dry
leases the owner may not want to be responsible for events,
which take place, while the aircraft is under someone else's
control, so in that case the third party may be required to
provide cover. Amounts of liability that third party
insurance covers can be substantial.
iii) War Risk insurance- This is applied by insurance
companies and underwriters if the aircraft intends to
operate into countries or areas considered by them to be
dangerous. If the aircraft operates to these areas without
the additional war-risk cover, then the Hull and Third-party
cover may become invalid. And thus the whole operation
becomes illegal. The cover can be taken out for a specific
period, or on a per flight basis.
iv) Cargo insurance- International regulations demand that
an airline will provide insurance cover for all cargo
carried on its aircraft, up to a specified limit. This limit
is set by the Warsaw convention, and the cargo liability
currently stands at US$20 per kilogram of cargo carried it
applies throughout the entire period during which the cargo
is in the care of that airline and covers theft, damage,
loss or total destruction in the event of an accident. If a
customer feels its cargo deserves a higher rate of cover
than US$20 per kilo, then it is their responsibility to take
out that additional insurance.
|
|
Integrator
|
|
A non-common-carrier
freight service controlled by a published timetable and
operating to a network of stations exclusively to its own
benefit and providing liveried vehicles and staff to manage
the entire transport of the consignment.
|
|
International airport
|
|
See Airport,
international.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Landside
|
|
Those parts of an airport
not considered airside. Access is open to all persons
legally entitled to be at an airport, subject to local and
national laws.
|
|
Large aircraft (US)
|
|
Aircraft over 12,500lbs
maximum certificated take-off weight.
|
|
Lease, ACMI
|
|
Aircraft, Crew,
Maintenance and insurance lease.
|
|
Lease, dry
|
|
Lease of an aircraft
without flight crew. Sometimes called a Bare Hull Charter.
It is the lease of the aircraft only, without crew. In this
case, the lessee has to supply his own crew (with all the
associated costs), provide all his own maintenance, and
obtain own insurance coverage. It is normally charged at a
fixed rate per month, plus an hourly charge for engine
overhauls or replacements, and major checks.
|
|
Lease, wet
|
|
Hire of aircraft from
another carrier or leaser complete with flight crew, where
major servicing is carried out by the owner but with hirer's
logo and insignia temporarily applied.
|
|
LEL
|
|
See Lower Explosive
Limit.
|
|
Liberalization
|
|
Political and economic
trend to remove regulatory and legal barriers to any given
airport or airline operation. Common examples include 'Open
Skies' agreements, breaking of monopolies in service
provision, authority to start airlines in competition to
established carriers, allowing foreign carriers to provide
cabotage between on routes between domestic airports. See
Privatization.
|
|
Load classification number
|
|
A number defining the
load-carrying capacity of the paved areas of an airport
without cracking or permanent deflection.
|
|
Load factor
|
|
Revenue ton-miles (RTM)
preformed as a percentage of RTM available.
|
|
Load factor (SI)
|
|
Revenue tonne-kms (RTK)
performed as a percent age of RTK available.
|
|
Load manifest
|
|
Detailed inventory of
load on the aircraft.
|
|
Load range
|
|
See Range, load.
|
|
Loading chart
|
|
Chart displaying correct
locations of cargo in transport aircraft.
|
|
Loading contour
|
|
Maximum aircraft envelope
for the purposes of stowage inside the aircraft, having
taken into account the required clearance between the
aircraft wall and the load. See Maximum aircraft envelope.
|
|
Loading diagram
|
|
Detailed plan of cargo
floor and under-floor holds on which responsible officer
marks position and masses of all cargo and final center of
gravity position.
|
|
Local time
|
|
The time at any airport
using the time zone appropriate to the location of the
airport.
|
|
Lounge
|
|
See Passenger departure
lounge.
|
|
Lower deck
|
|
See deck, lower.
|
|
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
|
|
This is the lowest point
at which enough vapors have been released from a given
hazardous liquid to cause a fire when in contact with an
ignition source.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Main deck
|
|
See deck, main.
|
|
Main runway
|
|
Runway most used for
take-off and landings.
|
|
Maximum aircraft envelope
|
|
Maximum space available
in the interior of the aircraft, less a given tolerance,
from the manufacturer's specifications.
|
|
MLW
|
|
Maximum landing weight.
|
|
Movement area
|
|
Runways, taxiways and
other areas of an airport outlined for taxiing, take-off and
landing of aircraft, exclusive of loading ramps and parking
areas.
|
|
MRW
|
|
Maximum ramp weight.
|
|
MTOW
|
|
Maximum take of weight
(MRW minus taxi and run-up fuel).
|
|
Multi-Airport System
|
|
An airport operator
/authority managing more than one airport within the same
metropolitan area.
|
|
MZFW
|
|
Maximum Zero Fuel Weight
(MTOW minus useable fuel and other consumables).
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAFTA
|
|
See North American free
trade association.
|
|
Navaid
|
|
Navigational aids,
especially electronic, situated at airports. Typical
examples include Airport Rotating Beacon; DME Distance
Measuring equipment; SDF Simplified Directional Facility;
LDA Location Distance Available; LOC ILS Localizer; PAPI
Precision Approach Path Indicator system; REIL Runway End
Identification Light; SID Standard Instrument Departure;
TACAN Tactical Air Navigation; VASI Visual Approach Slope
Indicator; VOR VHF Omni Range; VORTAC, where VOR and TACAN
aids are located together at an airport Navaid classes VOR,
TACAN and VORTAC aids are classed according to operational
use of airports – t=terminal, l=low altitude; h=high
altitude.
|
|
Nocturnal
|
|
Operations between hours
of sunset and sunrise.
|
|
Noise abatement climb
|
|
Means of flying an
aircraft from an airport so as to climb rapidly until the
built-up area is reached and thereafter reducing power to
maintain climb until the area is over-flown or 5,000 ft is
reached.
|
|
Noise footprint
|
|
The contour beneath an
aircraft of constant noise level measured in decibels.
|
|
Noise restrictions
|
|
Laws concerning permitted
noise levels at airports aimed at preventing disturbance to
local residents, most widely felt by aircraft operators who
must reduce noise levels from aircraft and airports which
are restricting the type of aircraft able to land. Some
airports are actively marketing the lack of noise
restrictions as a user benefit. See chapter III.
|
|
Noise restrictions local
|
|
National and
international laws concerning permitted noise levels at
airports.
|
|
North American Free Trade Association
|
|
Association of USA,
Canada and Mexico to promote a free trade area between the
three countries similar to the EU.
|
|
NOTAM
|
|
Notice containing
information essential to airport personnel connected with
flight operations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
OEW
|
|
Operating Empty Weight.
|
|
Out-of-gauge
|
|
Description of cargo
exceeding standard dimensions.
|
|
Out-station
|
|
See station.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pallet
|
|
See Aircraft pallet.
|
|
Parallel runways
|
|
See Runways, parallel.
|
|
Passenger
|
|
A person, other than a
crew member, destined to fly from an airport, either
fare-paying or non-fare-paying.
|
|
Passenger charter
|
|
Aircraft hired to fly
(normally) non-IATA regulated seasonal or ad hoc services.
These services are closely associated with high volume, low
yield passenger business to holiday destinations. See
Airport, charter.
|
|
Passenger, charter
|
|
Passenger flying on a
non-scheduled ticket.
|
|
Passenger check-in
|
|
The location where a
passenger presents a valid air ticket and is booked as
flying.
|
|
Passenger departure lounge
|
|
Area of an airport
airside where passengers are held prior to boarding a
scheduled or charter aircraft before commencing their
journey. Can also be an area exclusive to ticket holders of
a specific airline or class of travel.
|
|
Passenger handling agent
|
|
An agent appointed by an
airline to provide check-in, baggage handling, specialist
passenger assistance and flight information at an airport.
See Self-handling.
|
|
Passenger hub
|
|
See Hub, passenger.
|
|
Passenger loading bridges
|
|
Equipment connecting
terminal building to aircraft doors to allow passengers to
board and leave aircraft.
|
|
Passenger, scheduled service
|
|
Service operated by
airline conforming to a published schedule.
|
|
Passenger, transit
|
|
Passengers arriving from
a first country who remain airside at an airport prior to an
international flight to a third country. Not subject to
passport or immigration procedures.
|
|
Payload
|
|
Disposable load
generating revenue. Also known as cargo payload.
|
|
Port
|
|
On left hand side of an
aircraft looking towards the front.
|
|
Privatization
|
|
Disposal of state assets
such as airports to the private sector. Airport
privatizations are limited but growing in popularity.
Examples include some British and recent Australian airport
operations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
QC
|
|
Designation used to
indicate the ability of an aircraft to be changed quickly
from passenger to cargo use and vice versa.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ramp
|
|
Area where servicing and
boarding of aircraft is possible.
|
|
Ramp equipment operations
|
|
Operations responsible
for providing ground support equipment to aircraft, such as
supply of drinking water and cleaning services.
|
|
Ramp weight
|
|
Maximum weight of
aircraft at start of flight (MTOW plus taxi and run-up
fuel).
|
|
Range
|
|
Distance an aircraft can
fly or is permitted to fly with a specified load and
(usually) after making allowances for specified maneuvers
such as diversions, stand-off, go-around. Etc.
|
|
Range, ferry
|
|
Range an aircraft can fly
empty between one point and another.
|
|
Range, load
|
|
Range an aircraft can fly
while carrying payload.
|
|
Rapid exit taxiway
|
|
Taxiway connected to a
runway at an acute angle are achieved on other taxiways,
thereby minimizing runway occupancy times. See Taxiway.
|
|
Rear cargo door
|
|
See cargo door, rear.
|
|
RFS
|
|
See road feeder service.
|
|
Road feeder service
|
|
A service offered by a
scheduled cargo operator to move goods to and from the
aircraft and/or terminal by road service. Allows a carrier
to offer services to a city to which they do not fly
aircraft. Some such devices are allocated an airline flight
number.
|
|
RIV-Rapid Intervention Vehicle
|
|
An emergency vehicle
intended to provide an effective means of fire suppression
pending the arrival of major fire accident units.
|
|
RTK
|
|
Revenue tonne-kms. See
load factor.
|
|
RTM
|
|
Revenue tone-miles. See
load factor.
|
|
Runway
|
|
A defined rectangular
area on a land airport prepared for the landing and take-off
run of aircraft along its length. Normally numbered in
relation to their magnetic direction, rounded off to the
nearest 10 degree; for example, runway 18 would be referred
to as runway 20.
|
|
Runway crossing procedure
|
|
Procedures to be followed
by aircraft and ground vehicles required to cross active
runways following instructions issued by the ground movement
controller.
|
|
Runway end safety area
|
|
An area symmetrical about
the extended runway centerline and adjacent to the end of
the strip meant to reduce damage to an aircraft in the event
of that aircraft in the event of that aircraft undershooting
or over-running the runway.
|
|
Runway in use
|
|
Any runway or runways
being used for take-offs or landing. When multiple runways
are used, they are all considered active runways.
|
|
Runway lighting
|
|
Typical runway lighting
systems are:
I) Center lightning - flush centerline lights spaced at intervals;
II) Edge limits - lights having a prescribed angle used to
define the lateral limits of a runway;
III) Guard lights - provided at taxiways on access points to
prevent inadvertent incursion by aircraft and vehicles.
|
|
Runway, main
|
|
See Main runway.
|
|
Runway markings
|
|
All-weather markings on
runways served by non-visual precision approach aids and on
runways having special operational requirements.
|
|
Runway markings, basic
|
|
Markings used for
operations when visual flight rules consist of centerline
marking and runway direction numbers.
|
|
Runway markings, instrument
|
|
Markings on runways
served by non-visual navigation aids, intended for landing
under instrument weather conditions.
|
|
Runway threshold
|
|
The usable limit of a
runaway.
|
|
Runway visibility by observer
|
|
Horizontal distance at
which light of about 25 candle power at night or a dark
object against the horizon in the daytime can be seen by an
observer near the end of the runway.
|
|
Runways, parallel
|
|
Two or more runways at
the same airport whose centerlines are parallel. In addition
to numbers, such runways are designated L (Left), R (Right);
for three runways. L(Left); R (Right) and C (Centre).
|
|
RVR - Runway Visual Range
|
|
In bad weather the
horizontal distance at which black and white markers of
standard size are visible, the figure being transmitted by
ATC to pilots.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SCD
|
|
See cargo door, side.
|
|
Scheduled freight carrier
|
|
A common-carrier freight
service controlled by a published timetable and operating to
a network of stations.
|
|
Scheduled freight service
|
|
A common-carrier freight
service controlled by a published timetable and operating to
a network of stations.
|
|
Scheduled service, passenger
|
|
See Passenger, scheduled
service.
|
|
Schevengen agreement
|
|
European Union agreement
|
Home